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Sleeping through a Zman
Here is a hypothetical case -- I get home from work on June 22 and I'm bushed. Totally knackered and it is only 5:30. I'm afraid, though, that I won't be able to fall asleep again tonight so I take a sleeping pill just to make sure. And out I go.
I sleep from 6PM all the way through until 7AM, unable to be woken because of the combination of the pill and my recent insomnia. I could not, therefore have davened maariv, because I was asleep for the entire span of time during which one is required to daven.
Do I say tashlumin during Shacharit? I would assume "yes" because I didn't daven, but is this impacted by the fact that I was (in a strange and possibly extra-halachic sense) never "required" to daven maariv because he wasn't awake (and couldn't be awoken) to have the obligation start?
1 answer
Your question implies that you are not intentionally missing a prayer by taking sleeping pills, knowing that you will not wake up until it's time for shacharis. You took the pills to go to sleep and next thing you knew, it was time for shacharis.
The case where one intentionally knocks themselves out, knowing that they will not wake up in time to daven maariv - this is not meant to be addressed in my answer since I don't know the answer to that. However, it's possible that even in this case it will be considered oness.
Do I say tashlumin during Shacharit? Yes, according to Shulchan Arukh HaRav 108. See shulchanaruchharav.com for an easy English read on that.
The wording used by the Shulchan Arukh HaRav is
טָעָה אוֹ נֶאֱנַס וְלֹא הִתְפַּלֵּל
which I would translate as "somebody who inadvertently missed or was prevented from davening..."
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